However, sustainable intensification of low-emissions mariculture is key to maintaining a low GHG footprint as production scales up to meet future demand. Mariculture products may offer a climate-friendly, high-protein food source, because they often have lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emission footprints than do the equivalent products farmed on land. Marine aquaculture (mariculture) generates 37.5% of this production and 97% of the world's seaweed harvest. This paper's contribution lies in broadening the LCA literature for fruit products in developing countries, characterizing orange producers based on crop system and farm size, and proposing the PCA tool for the interpretation of LCA results.Īquaculture is a critical food source for the world's growing population, producing 52% of the aquatic animal products consumed. The environmental impacts related to upstream processes are the major contributors to the environmental impacts of organic orange production. Results indicate that conventional orange production has a higher impact than organic production in most of the assessed impacts, especially on GWP, AP, EP, and HTP, mainly caused by production and use of fertilizers. Furthermore, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to identify trends between systems and detect impact hotspots.
Xlstat spearman plus#
The environmental impacts were assessed using the CML-IA baseline impact methodology, plus the CED method and a water consumption quantification based on the life cycle inventories. Two farm categories were considered: the first based on the production system (conventional and organic), and the latter based on farm size (high and medium production) the obtained data was subsequently arranged into weighted averages. Primary data was gathered from three municipalities within the Martinez and Tuxpan regions, and complemented using agricultural models to develop the life cycle inventory. The system boundaries considered the environmental impacts of cultivation and harvesting of oranges, as well as impacts derived from the production of required inputs.
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A cradle-to-farm gate assessment was performed based on a functional unit of 1 ton of fresh orange. This paper aims to assess the environmental performance of orange production in Veracruz, Mexico's largest orange producer state, through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. Environmental impacts of orange cultivation have been previously described in major orange-producing countries, except for Mexico. Mexico is the fifth largest producer of orange worldwide, and it is expected to increase its production in the following years.